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KMID : 0378019710140020055
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New Medical Journal
1971 Volume.14 No. 2 p.55 ~ p.65
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The Electron Microscopic Studies of Bone Tumors
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Abstract
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The present study is concerned with the fine structure of the cells of bone tumors in patients who have been admitted to Severance hospital from Nov.1, 1968 to Oct. 31, 1969.
This is a preliminary study to investigate the cytochemical change in bone tumor cells.
Cowdry(1955) stated that cancer cells do not have any morphological feature visible in light microscope which could be exclusively demonstrated only in tumors. This also remains true for the electron microscopic findings. Dalton et al. 1956), Howatson et al. (1951´, in comparing the ultrastructure of the normal cell with a number of tumor cells reported that no single morphological trait is specific for the neoplastic
cells. Bernhard et al. *1961) stated the difference in the cancer cell from normal cell is related to the tissue of origin. Various secretory products have been noted. The absence or the reduction in the size of the Golgi complex is one of characteristic feature for the highly differentiated tumor cell. Many vesicles and vacuoles containing dense granules or filaments have been described. Howatson et al. 0955` described rat liver tumor cells noting an increase in the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, enlargement of the nucleoli, decrease in the number and size of mitochondria, scant poorly organized ergastoplasmic membrane, and irregularity of the nucleus. Bernhard (1958´ found pleomorphism, enlargement of the endoplasmic reti￢culum, lobulation of the nucleus, decrease in number and size of mitochondria and degeneration of the ground substance in tumor cells. Anderson (1963) described a bizarre nuclear, and cellular configuration,
a paucity of rough walled microsomal vesicles which were localized at the periphery of the cell, and large number of lipoid droplet in both the cell and matrix from a chondrosarcoma. Harada(1962), studying osteogenic sarcoma cells found an increase in mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, and lipoid granules connected with the mitochondria and an irregular, electron dense, fine inorganic structures in the cytoplasm in addition to the general characteristics of the tumor cell. Shipkey et al. (1964) describing alveolar soft part sarcoma cells noted numerous mitochondriae with concentric cristae, extensive well deve￢loped Golgi complex, sparse endoplasmic reticulum, intracellular collection of glycogen granules, and dense
granules in the crystalline structure.
Cells in the present study came from chondrosarcoma (1), enchondroma (1), alveolar soft part sarcoma (1), synovial chondromatosis (1), metastatic tumor (3), epidermoid carcinoma (1), fibrous dysplasia (1), reticulum cell sarcoma (1), and osteogenic sarcoma (3´. However, electron microscopic
observations could not be made from the following : Epidermoid carcinoma (1), metastatic tumor -(2), ´ - enchonroma (1), fibrous dysplasia (1), and reticulum cell sarcoma (1).
Immediately after biopsy the specimen is cut into 1.0 cubic mm. cubes and fixed in a mixture of 1% osmium tetroxide phosphate buffer for one and half hour and then cleansed twice with phosphate buffer (Ph.7.4) for 15 minutes and dehydrated with graded ethyl alcohol and propylene oxide and then put into a mixture of Epon 812 and propylene oxide in ratio of 1 : 1 for I or 4 hours and in ratio of 1 2 for 4 or 12 hours. Then the specimen is embedded in Epon 812 and polymerized in the incubator at 35°C. 45°C. for 12 hours and 65°C. for 24 hours and sectioned in thickness of 400 or 600A with the Porter Blum ultramicrotome MT-2, then the section is stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with the electron microscope, Hitachi HU 11-E type.
The findings are summarized;
A. Chondrosarcoma
1. The nucleus is irregular, ovoid, and granular with deep notch, indentation and invagination. The nuclear membrane is distinct with many pores.
2. Glycogen particles and patchy accumulation of RNA granules are observed in the cytoplasm. The plasma membrane is distinct except at the tip of process. Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are decreased, but the former are near the cell membrane, the later are located perinuclearly. Rough walled vesicles with RNA granules and lipoid droplets near the cell membrane are observed in the cytoplasm.
B. Alveolar soft part sarcoma
1. one or two nuclei with prominent nucleoli are observed.
2. In the cytoplasm there are numerous irregular mitochondriae, extensive and well developed Golgi apparatus, and decreased number of endoplasmic reticulum. An abundant endoplasmic reticulum in some area of the cytoplasm is called as ergastoplasmic riebenkern. The cristae of the mitochondria show prominent angulation on their outer aspect. Peripherally they are arranged in a concentric fashion and enclose a granular central matrix.
3. The characteristic crystals in the cytoplasm are rhomboid of variable size and have a single membrane.
C. Synovial chondromatosis
1. A deep notch and indentation of the nucleus are observed with frequent pores.
2. In the cytoplasm an increased endoplasmic reticulum with distended cisternae is observed. 3. Many cytoplasmic foot-lets and pinocytic vesicles are seen.
4. The intercellular space contains abundant collagenous fibrils.
D. Metastatic tumor
1. An irregular hyperchromatic enlarged nucleus with multiple notches, distinct membrane, and granular multiple enlarged nucleoli are observed.
2. Many large vacuoles, enlarged distroted mitochondria, and decreased endoplasmic reticulum are observed in the cytoplasm.
E. Osteogenic sarcoma
1. Irregularity of tumor cells, variation in cell communication, enlargement of the nucleus and
nucleolus, and gathering of fine granules of the nucleus are apparent.
2. Contrary to the decrease of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum seen in the animal experim
ental tumor and the human cancer cells, these structures tend to increase in osteogenic sarcoma. 3. Irregular electron-dense fine inorganic structure are observed in the cytoplasm.
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KEYWORD
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